Imibhobho eWelded
Inkcazelo yeemveliso
Iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziipayipi zentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo, zenziwa ngokuqengqa iipleyiti zentsimbi okanye imicu zibe yimilo yetyhubhu emva koko zidibanise amalungu. Kunye neepayipi ezingenamthungo, zezinye zeentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeepayipi zentsimbi. Iimpawu zazo eziphambili kukuveliswa okulula, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeenkcukacha.
I. Udidi oluPhambili: Udidi ngokweNkqubo yokuWelda
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuwelda zimisela ukusebenza kwemibhobho ewelding. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili:
• Umbhobho oWeldingwe ngeLongitudinal (ERW): Emva kokuqengqa umcu wentsimbi ube yinxalenye engqukuva okanye enesikwere, umthungo uyadityaniswa ngobude (ngobude) ecaleni kombhobho. Oku kunika imveliso esebenzayo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ukuthuthwa kolwelo oluphantsi koxinzelelo (njengamanzi kunye negesi) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkxaso yesakhiwo. Iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo ziquka ububanzi obuncinci nobuphakathi (ngesiqhelo ≤630mm).
• Umbhobho Oweluliweyo Ojikelezayo (SSAW): Umsonto wentsimbi ujikeleziswa kwicala elijikelezileyo kwaye umthungo udityaniswe ngaxeshanye, nto leyo eyenza umthungo ojikelezayo. Umthungo womthungo uxinezelekile ngokulinganayo, unika ukumelana nokugoba okuphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho oweluliweyo ongqindilili. Oku kuvumela ukuveliswa kwemibhobho emikhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,000mm ububanzi) kwaye isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuthuthwa kolwelo olunoxinzelelo oluphezulu (njengemibhobho yeoyile negesi yendalo) kunye nemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi kamasipala.
• Umbhobho odibeneyo wentsimbi engagqwaliyo: Wenziwe ngeshiti/umcu wentsimbi engagqwaliyo, odibeneyo kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezifana ne-TIG (i-tungsten inert gas arc welding) kunye ne-MIG (i-metal metal arc welding). Unokumelana nokugqwala nobushushu obuphezulu bentsimbi engagqwaliyo kwaye ufanelekile kwizicelo ezifuna izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezifana nokulungiswa kokutya, iikhemikhali, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiipayipi ezincinci neziphakathi zobukhulu obuchanekileyo.
II. Iingenelo eziphambili
1. Ixabiso Eliphantsi kunye neMveliso Ephezulu: Xa kuthelekiswa nombhobho ongenamthungo (ofuna iinkqubo ezinzima ezifana nokubhoboza nokuqengqeleka), umbhobho odibeneyo unika ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nenkqubo yemveliso emfutshane. Iindleko zihlala ziphantsi ngama-20%-50% kwiinkcukacha ezifanayo. Ngaphezu koko, inokuveliswa ngeebhetshi kwaye iqhubekeke ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezinkulu.
2. Iinkcukacha eziguquguqukayo: Iipayipi ezinobubanzi obahlukeneyo (ukusuka kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi), ubukhulu bodonga, kunye namacandelo anqamlezileyo (ajikelezileyo, ayisikwere, kunye noxande) zinokwenziwa xa zifunwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezenzelwe wena zezicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ulwakhiwo kunye noshishino.
3. Ukucutshungulwa okulula: Izinto ezifanayo kunye nee-welds ezizinzileyo zenza kube lula ukusika, ukubhola, ukugoba, kunye neminye imisebenzi yokucubungula, ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okulula.
III. Iindawo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa
• Ishishini Lokwakha: Lisetyenziswa kwimibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi kunye neyokukhupha amanzi, imibhobho yokukhusela umlilo, izixhasi zesakhiwo sentsimbi (ezifana ne-scaffolding kunye nezikhonkwane zodonga lwekhethini), izakhelo zomnyango kunye neefestile (imibhobho edibeneyo engunxande), njl.
• Icandelo lezemizi-mveliso: Lisetyenziswa njengemibhobho yokuthutha ulwelo oluphantsi koxinzelelo (amanzi, umoya ocinezelweyo, umphunga), imibhobho exhasa izixhobo, imibhobho yokukhusela kwindawo yokusebenzela, njl.njl.; imibhobho edibeneyo ejikelezileyo enobubanzi obukhulu isetyenziswa kwimibhobho yeoyile negesi yendalo ekude.
• Icandelo likaMasipala: Lisetyenziswa kwimibhobho yokukhupha amanzi ezidolophini, kwiinethiwekhi zemibhobho yegesi (uxinzelelo oluphakathi noluphantsi), iipali zezibane zesitalato, iireyili zokukhusela izithuthi, njl.njl.
• Ubomi Bemihla Ngemihla: Iipayipi ezincinci ezitshixiweyo (ezifana neepayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo) zisetyenziswa kwiibrakethi zefenitshala kunye neepayipi zasekhitshini (ezifana neepayipi zokukhupha umoya ezisebenzisa i-range hood).
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