Ibha Engqukuva Yentsimbi Engagqwali Enomgangatho Olungileyo

Intsimbi (Fe): yinxalenye yesinyithi esisiseko yentsimbi engagqwaliyo;

I-Chromium (Cr): yeyona nto iphambili eyenza i-ferrite, i-chromium edityaniswe ne-oksijini inokuvelisa ifilimu yokudlulisa i-Cr2O3 engamelani nokugqwala, yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ukugcina ukumelana nokugqwala, umxholo we-chromium unyusa amandla okulungisa ifilimu yokudlulisa i-passivation yentsimbi, umxholo we-chromium yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ngokubanzi kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-12%;

I-Carbon (C): yinto enamandla yokwenza i-austenite, inokuphucula kakhulu amandla entsimbi, ukongeza kwi-carbon ekuchaseni ukugqwala nayo inempembelelo embi;

I-Nickel (Ni): yeyona nto iphambili eyenza i-austenite, inokucothisa ukugqwala kwentsimbi kunye nokukhula kweenkozo ngexesha lokufudumeza;

I-Molybdenum (Mo): yinto eyenza i-carbide, i-carbide eyenziweyo izinzile kakhulu, inokuthintela ukukhula kwengqolowa ye-austenite xa ishushu, inciphise uvakalelo lobushushu obukhulu bentsimbi, ukongeza, i-molybdenum inokwenza ifilimu yokuthambisa ibe nkulu kwaye iqine, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ngempumelelo ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo;

I-Niobium, i-titanium (Nb, Ti): zizinto eziqinileyo ezenza i-carbide, zinokuphucula ukumelana kwentsimbi nokugqwala kwe-intergranular. Nangona kunjalo, i-titanium carbide inefuthe elibi kumgangatho womphezulu wentsimbi engagqwali, ngoko ke intsimbi engagqwali eneemfuno eziphezulu zomphezulu ngokubanzi iphuculwa ngokongeza i-niobium ukuphucula ukusebenza.

I-nitrogen (N): yinto enamandla yokwenza i-austenite, inokuphucula kakhulu amandla entsimbi. Kodwa ukuqhekeka okugugayo kwentsimbi engagqwali kunempembelelo enkulu, ngoko ke intsimbi engagqwali ekunyatheliseni ijolise ekulawuleni ngokungqongqo umxholo we-nitrogen.

I-Phosphorus, i-sulfur (P, S): yinto enobungozi kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokunyatheliswa kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunokuba nefuthe elibi.