Ⅰ-I-asidiUkukha
1.- Inkcazo ye-Acid-Pickling: Ii-Acids zisetyenziselwa ukususa isikali se-iron oxide ngokwekhemikhali kuxinzelelo oluthile, ubushushu, kunye nesantya, okubizwa ngokuba yi-pickling.
2.- Udidi lwe-Acid-Pickling: Ngokohlobo lwe-asidi, yahlulwe kwi-sulfuric acid pickling, i-hydrochloric acid pickling, i-nitric acid pickling, kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid pickling. Kufuneka kukhethwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucoca ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi, ezifana ne-pickling carbon steel ene-sulfuric acid kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, okanye i-pickling steel stainless ngomxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid.
Ngokwemilo yentsimbi, yahlulwe yaba yi-wire pickling, i-forging pickling, i-steel plate pickling, i-strip pickling, njl.
Ngokohlobo lwezixhobo zokugaya, zahlulwe zibe yi-tank pickling, i-semi-continuous pickling, i-fullly continuous pickling, kunye ne-tower pickling.
3.- Umgaqo wokucoca nge-asidi: Ukucoca nge-asidi yinkqubo yokususa izikali ze-iron oxide kwiindawo zesinyithi kusetyenziswa iindlela zeekhemikhali, yiyo loo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-chemical acid pickling. Izikali ze-iron oxide (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) ezenziwe phezu komphezulu weepayipi zentsimbi ziyi-basic oxide enganyibilikiyo emanzini. Xa zintywiliselwa kwisisombululo se-asidi okanye zitshizwa ngesisombululo se-asidi kumphezulu, ezi basic oxide zinokutshintsha iikhemikhali ezininzi nge-asidi.
Ngenxa yendalo ekhululekileyo, enemingxuma, neqhekekileyo yesikali se-oxide kumphezulu wentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni okanye intsimbi ye-alloy ephantsi, kunye nokugoba okuphindaphindiweyo kwesikali se-oxide kunye nentsimbi yestrip ngexesha lokulungiswa, ukulungiswa koxinzelelo, kunye nokuthuthwa kumgca we-pickling, ezi mingxunya yemingxuma iyanda kwaye iyanda ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, isisombululo se-asidi sisabela kwisikali se-oxide ngokweekhemikhali kwaye sisabela nakwisinyithi se-substrate yentsimbi ngokusebenzisa imingxunya kunye nee-pores. Oko kukuthi, ekuqaleni kokuhlamba nge-asidi, ii-reaction ezintathu zeekhemikhali phakathi kwesikali se-iron oxide kunye nesisombululo se-iron yesinyithi kunye ne-asidi zenziwa ngaxeshanye. Ii-iron oxide scales zenza i-chemical reaction ne-asidi kwaye ziyanyibilika (ukunyibilika). I-iron yesinyithi isabela kwi-asidi ukuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen, ekhupha isikali se-oxide ngoomatshini (isiphumo sokuqhekeka koomatshini). I-hydrogen ye-atomic evelisiweyo inciphisa ii-iron oxides kwii-ferrous oxides ezithambekele kwii-acid reactions, kwaye emva koko isabela kwii-asidi eziza kususwa (ukuncitshiswa).
Ⅱ-Ukunyamezela/Ukungasebenzi/Ukucima ukusebenza
1.- Umgaqo wokudlulisa: Indlela yokudlulisa isenokuchazwa yithiyori yefilimu encinci, ebonisa ukuba ukuhambisa isinyithi kungenxa yokusebenzisana phakathi kweentsimbi nezinto ezikhupha isinyithi, okuvelisa ifilimu yokudlulisa isinyithi encinci kakhulu, exineneyo, egqunywe kakuhle, nefunxwe ngokuqinileyo kumphezulu wesinyithi. Olu maleko wefilimu ukho njengesigaba esizimeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo yi-compound yeentsimbi ezikhupha isinyithi. Udlala indima ekwahlukaniseni ngokupheleleyo isinyithi kwindawo ekhupha isinyithi, ukuthintela isinyithi ekubeni sidibane nendawo ekhupha isinyithi, ngaloo ndlela ngokusisiseko ukuthintela ukunyibilika kwesinyithi kwaye kwenze imeko engasebenziyo ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokulwa nokubola.
2.- Iingenelo zokungasebenzisi ingqondo:
1) Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokutywina ngokomzimba, unyango lokungasebenzisi manzi luneempawu zokunganyusi ubukhulu bento yokusebenza nokutshintsha umbala, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo lemveliso, okwenza ukusebenza kube lula ngakumbi;
2) Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokudlulisa amandla ayisebenzi, iarhente yokudlulisa amandla inokongezwa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nto leyo ebangela ubomi obude kunye neendleko ezingabizi kakhulu.
3) I-Passivation ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-passivation yesakhiwo se-oksijini kumphezulu wesinyithi, exineneyo kwaye izinzile ekusebenzeni, kwaye inesiphumo sokuzilungisa emoyeni ngaxeshanye. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yendabuko yokugquma ioyile yokulwa nomhlwa, ifilimu ye-passivation eyenziwe yi-passivation izinzile ngakumbi kwaye ayimelani nokugqwala. Uninzi lweziphumo zokutshaja kumaleko we-oxide zinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo nenkqubo ye-thermal oxidation. Kuluhlu lobushushu lwe-800-1250 ℃, inkqubo ye-thermal oxidation esebenzisa i-oksijini eyomileyo, i-oksijini emanzi, okanye umphunga wamanzi inezigaba ezintathu eziqhubekayo. Okokuqala, i-oksijini kwimo yendalo ingena kumaleko we-oxide ovelisiweyo, kwaye emva koko i-oksijini isasazeka ngaphakathi nge-silicon dioxide. Xa ifikelela kujongano lwe-Si02-Si, isabela kunye ne-silicon ukwenza i-silicon dioxide entsha. Ngale ndlela, inkqubo eqhubekayo yokusabela kokungena kwe-oxygen iyenzeka, ibangela ukuba i-silicon ekufutshane ne-interface iguquke rhoqo ibe yi-silica, kwaye umaleko we-oxide ukhula uye ngaphakathi kwe-silicon wafer ngesantya esithile.
Ⅲ-I-Phosphating
Unyango lwe-phosphate luyimpendulo yamakhemikhali eyenza umaleko wefilimu (ifilimu ye-phosphate) kumphezulu. Inkqubo yonyango lwe-phosphate isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zesinyithi, ngenjongo yokubonelela ngefilimu ekhuselayo yokwahlula isinyithi emoyeni nokuthintela ukugqwala; Ingasetyenziswa njengeprimer kwezinye iimveliso ngaphambi kokupeyinta. Ngolu maleko wefilimu ye-phosphate, inokuphucula ukunamathela kunye nokumelana nokugqwala komaleko wepeyinti, iphucule iipropati zokuhombisa, kwaye yenze umphezulu wesinyithi ubonakale umhle ngakumbi. Ingadlala indima yokuthambisa kwezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza kwesinyithi.
Emva konyango lwe-phosphate, isixhobo somsebenzi asiyi kubola okanye sibole ixesha elide, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa konyango lwe-phosphate kubanzi kakhulu kwaye kukwayindlela yonyango lomphezulu wesinyithi esetyenziswa kakhulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana neemoto, iinqanawa, kunye nemveliso yoomatshini.
1.- Ukwahlulahlula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-phosphate
Ngokwesiqhelo, unyango lomphezulu luya kubonisa umbala owahlukileyo, kodwa unyango lwe-phosphate lunokusekelwa kwiimfuno zokwenyani ngokusebenzisa ii-agents ezahlukeneyo ze-phosphate ukubonisa imibala eyahlukeneyo. Yiyo loo nto sihlala sibona unyango lwe-phosphate lungwevu, umbala, okanye umnyama.
I-iron phosphating: emva kwe-phosphating, umphezulu uya kubonisa umbala we-rainbow kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngoko ke ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-color phosphorus. Isisombululo se-phosphating sisebenzisa i-molybdate njengezinto eziluhlaza, eziya kwenza ifilimu ye-rainbow color phosphating kumphezulu wezinto zentsimbi, kwaye ikwasetyenziselwa ukupeyinta umaleko osezantsi, ukuze kufezekiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwento yokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukunamathela kwengubo yomphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-10-2024