Ⅰ-IasidiUkukha
1.- Inkcazo ye-Acid-Pickling: I-Acids isetyenziselwa ukususa isikali se-iron oxide ngokwekhemikhali kwindawo ethile, ubushushu, kunye nesantya, esibizwa ngokuba yi-pickling.
2.- Ukuhlelwa kwe-Acid-Pickling: Ngokohlobo lwe-asidi, ihlukaniswe ibe yi-sulfuric acid pickling, i-hydrochloric acid pickling, i-nitric acid pickling, kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid pickling. Kufuneka kukhethwe imidiya eyahlukeneyo ukuze kukhethwe i-pickling esekelwe kwizinto zentsimbi, ezifana ne-pickling carbon steel kunye ne-sulfuric acid kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, okanye i-pickling yensimbi engenasici kunye nomxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid.
Ngokwemilo yentsimbi, yahlulahlulwe ibe yi-wire pickling, i-forging pickling, i-steel plate pickling, i-strip pickling, njl.
Ngokohlobo lwezixhobo zokuchola, yahlulwe ibe yi-tank pickling, i-semi-continuous pickling, i-pickling eqhubekayo ngokupheleleyo, kunye ne-tower pickling.
3.- Umgaqo we-acid pickling: I-Acid pickling yinkqubo yokususa izikali ze-iron oxide kwiindawo zetsimbi usebenzisa iindlela zeekhemikhali, ngoko ke ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-chemical acid pickling. Izikali ze-iron oxide (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) ezenziwe kumphezulu wemibhobho yentsimbi ziyi-oxide esisiseko enganyibilikiyo emanzini. Xa zintywiliselwa kwisisombululo seasidi okanye zitshizwe ngesisombululo seasidi kumphezulu, ezi oxide zisisiseko zinokungena kuthotho lweenguqulelo zemichiza ngeasidi.
Ngenxa yokungakhululeki, i-porous, kunye nendalo eqhekekileyo yesikali se-oxide kumphezulu wentsimbi ye-carbon structural okanye i-alloy iron ephantsi, idityaniswa nokugotywa okuphindaphindiweyo kwesikali se-oxide kunye nentsimbi ye-strip ngexesha loluleko, ukuqina koxinzelelo, kunye nokuthuthwa kumgca wokuchola, ezi ntandabuzo ziqhekeka ngakumbi kwaye zanda. Ngoko ke, isisombululo se-asidi siphendula kunye nesikali se-oxide ngokwekhemikhali kwaye siphinde siphendule ngentsimbi ye-substrate yentsimbi ngokuqhekeka kunye neepores. Okokuthi, ekuqaleni kokuhlamba kwe-asidi, iintshukumo ezintathu zeekhemikhali phakathi kwesikali se-iron oxide kunye nentsimbi yesinyithi kunye nesisombululo se-asidi zenziwa ngaxeshanye izikali ze-Iron oxide zingena kwi-chemical reaction kunye ne-asidi kwaye inyibilika (i-dissolution) Intsimbi yesinyithi idibana ne-asidi ukuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen, ethi ixobulwe ngoomatshini kwisikali se-oxide (i-mechanical oxide oxide ehlanjululwayo) kwi-asidi reactions, kwaye emva koko isabela ngee-asidi eziza kususwa (ukunciphisa).
Ⅱ-Ukunyamezela/Ayisebenzi/Yenziwa kungasebenzi
I-1.- Umgaqo we-Passivation: Indlela yokugqithisa inokuchazwa ngethiyori yefilimu encinci, ebonisa ukuba i-passivation ibangelwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwesinyithi kunye nezinto ezixutywe ne-oxidizing, ukuvelisa ifilimu enqabileyo kakhulu, exineneyo, egqunywe kakuhle, kunye ne-adsorbed ngokuqinileyo kwi-passivation film kwi-metal surface. Lo maleko wefilimu ukhona njengesigaba esizimeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-compound ye-metals oxidized. Idlala indima ekwahluleni ngokupheleleyo isinyithi ukusuka kumbindi odlayo, ukuthintela isinyithi ekudibaneni ne-corrosion medium, ngaloo ndlela imisa ngokusisiseko ukunyibilika kwesinyithi kwaye yenze i-passive state ukuphumeza i-anti-corrosion effect.
2.- Izinto ezilungileyo ze-passivation:
1) Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zokutywina ngokwasemzimbeni, unyango lwe-passivation lunophawu lokunganyusi ngokupheleleyo ubukhulu bomsebenzi kunye nokutshintsha umbala, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo lemveliso, ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula ngakumbi;
2) Ngenxa yobume bokungabikho kokusebenza kwenkqubo yokugqithisa, i-arhente yokugqithisa inokongezwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye isetyenziswe, okukhokelela kubomi obude kunye neendleko zezoqoqosho.
I-3) I-passivation ikhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-oksijini ye-molecular structure passivation film kwi-metal surface, edibeneyo kwaye izinzile ekusebenzeni, kwaye ibe nefuthe lokuzilungisa emoyeni ngexesha elifanayo. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yemveli yokugquma i-oyile ye-antirust, ifilimu ye-passivation eyenziwe yi-passivation izinzile kwaye iyamelana ne-corrosion. Uninzi lweempembelelo zentlawulo kwi-oxide layer zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwinkqubo ye-oxidation ye-thermal. Kuluhlu lobushushu obuyi-800-1250 ℃, inkqubo ye-thermal oxidation isebenzisa ioksijini eyomileyo, ioksijini emanzi, okanye umphunga wamanzi inezigaba ezithathu eziqhubekayo. Okokuqala, ioksijini ekwiatmosfera yokusingqongileyo ingena kumaleko oksijidi owenziweyo, emva koko ioksijini isasazeke ngaphakathi ngesilicon dioxide. Xa ifikelela kwi-interface ye-Si02-Si, isabela kunye ne-silicon ukwenza i-silicon dioxide entsha. Ngale ndlela, inkqubo eqhubekayo ye-oksijini yokungena kwe-diffusion reaction iyenzeka, ibangela ukuba i-silicon kufutshane ne-interface iguquke ngokuqhubekayo ibe yi-silica, kwaye umaleko we-oxide ukhula usiya ngaphakathi kwi-silicon wafer ngesantya esithile.
Ⅲ-I-Phosphating
Unyango lwe-Phosphating yi-chemical reaction eyenza ifilimu (ifilimu ye-phosphating) phezu komhlaba. Inkqubo yonyango ye-phosphating isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zetsimbi, ngenjongo yokubonelela ngefilimu yokukhusela ukuhlukanisa isinyithi emoyeni kunye nokukhusela ukubola; Inokusetyenziswa njenge-primer kwezinye iimveliso ngaphambi kokupeyinta. Ngalo maleko wefilimu ye-phosphating, inokuphucula ukunamathela kunye nokumelana nokubola komgangatho wepeyinti, iphucule iipropati zokuhombisa, kwaye yenza ukuba ubuso bentsimbi bubonakale buhle ngakumbi. Inokudlala indima yokuthambisa kwezinye iinkqubo zokusebenza zentsimbi ezibandayo.
Emva konyango lwe-phosphating, i-workpiece ayiyi ku-oxidize okanye i-rust ixesha elide, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwonyango lwe-phosphating kuninzi kakhulu kwaye kuyinkqubo yonyango yesinyithi esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Iya isetyenziswa ngakumbi kumashishini afana neemoto, iinqanawa, kunye nokuveliswa koomatshini.
1.- Ukuhlelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-phosphating
Ngokwesiqhelo, unyango olungaphezulu luya kubonisa umbala owahlukileyo, kodwa unyango lwe-phosphating lunokusekwe kwiimfuno zokwenyani ngokusebenzisa iiarhente ezahlukeneyo zephosphating ukubonisa imibala eyahlukileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto sihlala sibona unyango lwe-phosphating ngombala ongwevu, umbala okanye omnyama.
I-Iron phosphating: emva kwe-phosphating, umphezulu uya kubonisa umbala we-rainbow kunye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngoko ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-phosphorus yombala. Isisombululo se-phosphating ikakhulu sisebenzisa i-molybdate njengento ekrwada, eya kwenza ifilimu yombala we-rainbow phosphating kumphezulu wezinto zentsimbi, kwaye ikwasetyenziselwa ukupeyinta umaleko ongezantsi, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuxhathisa ukubola kwesixhobo sokusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukuncamathela komgangatho ongaphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-10-2024