Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwemibhobho ye-American Standard (ikakhulu imigangatho yochungechunge lwe-ASTM) kunye ne-Chinese Standard (ikakhulu imigangatho yochungechunge lwe-GB) usekwe kwinkqubo esemgangathweni, iinkcukacha zobukhulu, amanqanaba ezinto, kunye neemfuno zobugcisa. Apha ngezantsi kukho uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha olucwangcisiweyo:
1. Inkqubo eQhelekileyo kunye noBume bokusetyenziswa
| Udidi | Umgangatho waseMelika (ASTM) | Umgangatho waseTshayina (GB) |
|---|---|---|
| Imigangatho Engundoqo | Iipayipi ezingenamthungo: ASTM A106, A53 Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasici: ASTM A312, A269 Imibhobho edibeneyo: ASTM A500, A672 | Iipayipi ezingenamthungo: GB/T 8163, GB/T 3087 Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasici: GB/T 14976 Imibhobho edibeneyo: GB/T 3091, GB/T 9711 |
| Imizekelo yesicelo | Imakethi yaseMntla Melika, iiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe (ioyile negesi, ishishini leekhemikhali), ezifuna ukuthotyelwa kweenkcukacha ezixhasayo ezifana ne-API kunye ne-ASME | Iiprojekthi zasekhaya, ezinye iiprojekthi zaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ziyahambelana neenkcukacha zenqanawa yoxinzelelo exhaswa yi-GB kunye nemibhobho |
| Isiseko soYilo | Iyahambelana nothotho lwe-ASME B31 (iikhowudi zoyilo lwemibhobho yoxinzelelo) | Iyahambelana ne-GB 50316 (iKhowudi yoYilo lweePiping zeMetal zeZimbiwa) |
2. Inkqubo yokuCacisa yoBume
Lo ngumahluko oqondakala lula, ugxile ekuphawuleni ububanzi bepayipi kunye noluhlu lobukhulu bodonga.
Ukulebhelisha ububanzi bepayipi
- Umgangatho waseMelika: Usebenzisa ubungakanani beMibhobho eNominal (NPS) (umz., i-NPS 2, i-NPS 4) ngee-intshi, ezingahambelani ngokuthe ngqo nobubanzi bangaphandle bokwenyani (umz., i-NPS 2 ihambelana nobubanzi bangaphandle obuyi-60.3mm).
- Umgangatho waseTshayina: Usebenzisa iNominal Diameter (DN) (umz., DN50, DN100) ngeemilimitha, apho ixabiso le-DN lisondelelene nobubanzi bangaphandle bombhobho (umz., DN50 ihambelana nobubanzi bangaphandle be-57mm).
Uthotho Lobukhulu Bodonga
- Umgangatho waseMelika: Usebenzisa uthotho lweShedyuli (Sch) (umz., Sch40, Sch80, Sch160). Ubukhulu bodonga buyanda ngenani leSch, kwaye amaxabiso ahlukeneyo eSch ahambelana nobukhulu bodonga obahlukeneyo kwiNPS efanayo.
- Umgangatho waseTshayina: Usebenzisa udidi lobukhulu bodonga (S), udidi loxinzelelo, okanye ulebhelishe ngokuthe ngqo ubukhulu bodonga (umz., φ57×3.5). Eminye imigangatho ikwaxhasa ukulebhelishwa kochungechunge lweSch.
3. Amanqanaba ezinto kunye nomahluko ekusebenzeni
| Udidi | Izinto ezisemgangathweni zaseMelika | Izinto ezisemgangathweni zaseTshayina ezilinganayo | Umahluko ekusebenzeni |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intsimbi yeCarbon | I-ASTM A106 Gr.B | Intsimbi ye-GB/T 8163 yeBanga lama-20 | I-ASTM Gr.B inomthamo ophantsi wesalfure kunye ne-phosphorus kwaye inamandla okuqina aphantsi; I-GB Grade 20 Steel inika ixabiso eliphezulu, ifanelekile kwiimeko zoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuya koluphakathi. |
| Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo | I-ASTM A312 TP304 | GB/T 14976 06Cr19Ni10 | Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali okufanayo; I-American Standard ineemfuno ezingqongqo zovavanyo lokugqwala phakathi kweegranular, ngelixa i-Chinese Standard ichaza iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuhanjiswa |
| Intsimbi ye-Alloy ephantsi | I-ASTM A335 P11 | GB/T 9948 12Cr2Mo | I-ASTM P11 inika amandla obushushu obuphezulu azinzileyo ngakumbi; i-GB 12Cr2Mo ifanelekile kwiipayipi zebhoyila zesityalo samandla sasekhaya |
4. Iimfuno zobugcisa kunye neMigangatho yoVavanyo
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
- Umgangatho waseMelika: Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic luyimfuneko enyanzelekileyo enefomula yokubala uxinzelelo lovavanyo oluqinileyo, oluhambelana nemigaqo ye-ASME B31; uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo (UT/RT) luyafuneka kwezinye iipayipi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu.
- Umgangatho waseTshayina: Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic luyaxoxiswana xa lufuneka ngoxinzelelo lovavanyo olukhululekileyo; umlinganiselo wovavanyo olungonakalisiyo umiselwa ludidi lwepayipi (umz., uvavanyo lwe-100% lwepayipi zeklasi ye-GC1).
Iimeko zokuhanjiswa
- Umgangatho waseMelika: Iipayipi zihlala zihanjiswa zikwimeko eqhelekileyo + efudumeleyo kunye neemfuno zokucoca umphezulu ocacileyo (umz., ukucola, ukudlulisa umoya).
- Umgangatho waseTshayina: Ingahanjiswa kwiimeko ezishushu, ezitsalwa kubanda, eziqhelekisiweyo, okanye ezinye iimeko ezineemfuno zonyango lomphezulu oluguquguqukayo ngakumbi.
5. Umahluko Wokuhambelana Kwiindlela Zoqhagamshelo
- Iipayipi ze-American Standard zihambelana nezixhobo (iiflanges, iingqiniba) ezihambelana ne-ASME B16.5, kunye neeflanges ezisebenzisa imiphezulu yokutywina ye-RF (Raised Face) kunye neeklasi zoxinzelelo ezibhalwe njengeClass (umz., Class 150, Class 300).
- Iipayipi ezisemgangathweni zaseTshayina zihambelana nezixhobo ezihambelana ne-GB/T 9112-9124, kunye neeflanges eziphawulwe yi-PN (umz., PN16, PN25) kwiiklasi zoxinzelelo. Iintlobo zomphezulu wokutywina ziyahambelana ne-American Standard kodwa zahlukile kancinci ngobukhulu.
Iingcebiso zoKhetho oluPhambili
- Beka phambili iipayipi ze-American Standard kwiiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe; qinisekisa ukuba izatifikethi ze-NPS, ze-Sch, kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-ASTM.
- Beka phambili imibhobho ye-Chinese Standard kwiiprojekthi zasekhaya ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nobonelelo olwaneleyo lwezinto ezixhasayo.
- Musa ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo imibhobho ye-American Standard kunye neye-Chinese Standard, ingakumbi xa kuqhagamshelwa iiflange—ukungalingani kobukhulu kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokutywinwa.
Ndingakunika itheyibhile yokuguqula iinkcukacha zepayipi eqhelekileyo (i-American Standard NPS vs. i-Chinese Standard DN) ukuze kube lula ukukhetha nokuguqula ngokukhawuleza. Ngaba ungayidinga?
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-15-2025