Iipleyiti zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingama-201 kunye nama-304 zezona zimbini zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-austenitic. Umahluko wazo ophambili ukwimo yeekhemikhali (umxholo we-nickel kunye ne-chromium), nto leyo ekhokelela kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo ekuchaseni ukugqwala, iimpawu zoomatshini, iindleko, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa. Apha ngezantsi kukho uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha:
1. Umahluko ongundoqo: Ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali
I-Nickel (Ni) kunye ne-chromium (Cr) zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwali. Umahluko kumxholo wazo ngumahluko ophambili phakathi kwala manqanaba mabini:
| Ibanga | Umxholo weChromium (Cr) | Umxholo weNickel (Ni) | Umxholo weManganese (Mn) | Umxholo weCarbon (C) | Uphawu lokutshintsha |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo | 16%–18% | 3.5%–5.5% | 5.5%–7.5% | ≤0.15% | Isebenzisa i-manganese eninzi endaweni yenxalenye ye-nickel ukunciphisa iindleko |
| 304 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo | 18%–20% | 8%–10.5% | ≤2% | ≤0.08% | Umxholo ophezulu we-nickel kunye ne-chromium, akukho tshintsho lwe-manganese |
2. Umahluko oPhambili woKusebenza
(1) Ukumelana nokugqwala
- 201 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Ayikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala. Iyakwazi ukumelana kuphela neendawo ezomileyo zangaphakathi okanye iimeko ezifumileyo kancinci. Inokugqwala kwiindawo ezikunxweme, ezine-acid-alkali, okanye ezinetyuwa eninzi, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokuwelda.
- 304 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Imelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo. Ingamelana nokufuma, ii-asidi ezibuthathaka kunye ne-alkalis, kunye nokuvezwa yimvula ngaphandle. Lukhetho oluphambili kwiindlela zokutya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zasekhaya, ihlangabezana neemfuno zemihla ngemihla zokumelana nokugqwala.
(2) Iipropati zoomatshini
- Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo engama-201: Ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye namandla amakhulu kancinci, kodwa ingaphantsi kwe-304 ngokuguquguquka nokuqina. Ithanda ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokucubungula kwaye ayisebenzi kakuhle ekugobeni nasekululekeni.
- 304 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Iqinile kwaye iqinile, kulula ukuyigoba, ukuyinyathela, kunye nokuyishibiliza. Ayiguquguquki okanye iqhekeke emva kokucutshungulwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiimeko ezinzima zokwenza.
(3) Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu
- 201 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kumalunga ne-300℃; ichaphazeleka lula yi-oxidation kunye nokuguquguquka ngaphaya kobu bushushu.
- 304 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Ukumelana okuphezulu kobushushu kumalunga ne-800℃, kusebenza kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphakathi nobushushu obuphezulu ezifana nee-oveni kunye neetanki zangaphakathi zesifudumezi samanzi.
(4) Ixabiso
- Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo engama-201: Ngenxa yokuba incinci kakhulu kwi-nickel, ixabisa ngama-30%–50% kune-304, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yintsimbi engagqwaliyo engabizi kakhulu.
- 304 Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo: Ixabiso eliphezulu, lisebenza njengezinto ezisemgangathweni zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa nezomgangatho wokutya.
3. Uthelekiso lweMeko yesicelo
| Izicelo zePlate yeNtsimbi engagqwali ezingama-201 | Izicelo zePlate yeNtsimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 |
|---|---|
| Imihombiso yangaphakathi eyomileyo (iifreyimu zeminyango, iishelufu, iibhodi zentengiso) | Izixhobo zasekhitshini (izinki, izixhobo zasekhitshini, iikhabhathi zokubulala iintsholongwane) |
| Izinto zokwakha ezingathwali mthwalo, ii-guardrails, ii-anti-theft nets | Izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, izixhobo zonyango, imibhobho yamanzi okusela |
| Ucingo lwangaphandle olungafuneki kakhulu (iindawo ezingaselunxwemeni/ezinomhlwa ophezulu) | Iindonga zamakhethini angaphandle, iireyili zebalcony, iitanki zangaphakathi zesifudumezi samanzi |
| Iishelufu zokugcina izinto zexeshana, iinqwelo zesandla | Izikhongozeli zeekhemikhali, izinto zokucoca, iiflaski zokucoca |
4. Iingcebiso zokuQonda ngokukhawuleza
- Ukutsalwa kweMagneti: I-201 inomxholo ophezulu we-manganese, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imagneti ibe namandla kune-304, ngoko ke inamathele kakhulu kwimagneti. I-304 ayinamagneti okanye imagneti ebuthathaka.
- Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo: I-201 inomphezulu okhanyayo kwaye ithanda ukuba namabala okugqwala, ngelixa i-304 inomphezulu okhanyayo nococekileyo okungekho lula ukuwugqwala emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Chemical Reagent: Sebenzisa ulwelo lokuchonga intsimbi engagqwaliyo. Xa iwiswe kwipleyiti, i-201 iya kuba bomvu ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa i-304 ingabonakalisi tshintsho lombala olucacileyo (ukuchaneka okuphezulu, kufanelekile kuvavanyo lwangaphakathi).
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-18-2025