Njengoluhlu olubalulekileyo lweepleyiti zentsimbi, iipleyiti zesikhongozeli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lwanamhlanje. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo okukhethekileyo kunye neempawu zazo, zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iinqanawa zoxinzelelo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zoxinzelelo, ubushushu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
Ukwakhiwa okukhethekileyo kunye nokusebenza
Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zeepleyiti zesikhongozeli kwenziwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Ukongeza kwizinto ezisisiseko, izinto ze-alloy ezifana ne-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-vanadium zongezwa ngokweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Ukongezwa kwezi zinto kunokuphucula ngempumelelo amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kweepleyiti zesikhongozeli, okuzenza zilungele iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezinzima.
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu zoomatshini, iipleyiti zesikhongozeli zinamandla agqwesileyo kunye nokuqina. Amandla aphezulu azenza zikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu ngaphandle kokuguquka okanye ukuqhekeka; ukuqina okuhle kunokuthintela ukwaphuka okubuthathaka phantsi kwamandla angaphandle afana nokuchaphazeleka okanye ukungcangcazela, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle kokuwelda kunye nokusebenza kwayo kokucubungula kwenza kube lula ukwenza izitya zoxinzelelo zeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkcukacha ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli.
Uhlu olutyebileyo nolwahlukeneyo
Ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, iipleyiti zesikhongozeli zinokuhlulwahlulwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokwenjongo, zingahlulwa zibe yintsimbi yesitya esinoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, intsimbi yesitya esinoxinzelelo oluphantsi kubushushu obuphantsi, intsimbi yesitya esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kubushushu obuphezulu, ipleyiti yentsimbi ehlanganisiweyo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo, njl. Intsimbi yesitya esinoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo ifanelekile kubushushu obuphakathi nobuqhelekileyo, kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluphakathi noluphantsi, kwaye sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu; intsimbi yesitya esinoxinzelelo oluphantsi kubushushu obuphantsi inokuqina okuhle kubushushu obuphantsi kwaye ifanelekile kwindawo enobushushu obuphantsi; intsimbi yesitya esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu inokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zeemeko zokusebenza ezinobushushu obuphezulu; ipleyiti yentsimbi edibeneyo yentsimbi engagqwaliyo idibanisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye namandla entsimbi eqhelekileyo, kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo ezineemfuno ezizodwa zokuxhathisa ukugqwala.
Ngokwendlela ekwakhiwe ngayo iikhemikhali, iipleyiti zesikhongozeli zingahlulwa zibe ziipleyiti zesikhongozeli se-carbon steel, iipleyiti zesikhongozeli se-carbon steel eziphantsi kunye neepleyiti zesikhongozeli se-stainless steel. Iipleyiti zesikhongozeli se-carbon steel zinexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo; iipleyiti zesikhongozeli se-carbon steel eziphantsi ziphucule kakhulu amandla, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokugqwala ngokongeza izinto ze-alloy; iipleyiti zesikhongozeli se-stainless steel zihlala zisetyenziswa kumashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zokuxhathisa ukugqwala ezifana neshishini leekhemikhali kunye nokutya ngenxa yokuxhathisa ukugqwala okugqwesileyo.
Amasimi ezicelo abanzi
Iipleyiti zeekhonteyina zinoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezicelo kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini afana nepetroleum, ishishini leekhemikhali, izitishi zamandla, iibhoyila, njl. Kwishishini le-petrochemical, isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izixhobo ezifana nee-reactors, ii-heat exchangers, ii-separators, iitanki ezingqukuva, iitanki zeoyile negesi, kunye neetanki zegesi ezinyibilikisiweyo. Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisebenze ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nokugqwala okunamandla. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kweepleyiti zeekhonteyina kunika isiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sokusebenza kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo.
Kwicandelo lezikhululo zamandla kunye neebhoyila, iipleyiti zeekhonteyina zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana needrama zebhoyila kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo lwe-reactor yenyukliya. Iidrama zebhoyila kufuneka zimelane nomphunga oshushu kakhulu noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ofuna amandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bezinto; iinqanawa zoxinzelelo lwe-reactor yenyukliya zinxulumene nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezityalo zamandla enyukliya, kwaye imigangatho ephantse ibe ngqongqo ibekwa kumgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweepleyiti zeekhonteyina.
Ukongeza, kumashishini amayeza, ukutya, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye namanye amashishini, iipleyiti zeekhonteyina zikwasetyenziswa ukwenza iinqanawa ezahlukeneyo zokugcina kunye neempendulo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zoshishino zococeko, ukumelana nokugqwala, njl.njl.
Imeko yokuhanjiswa eyahlukeneyo
Imeko yokuhanjiswa kweepleyiti zesikhongozeli ibandakanya ukuqengqeleka okushushu, ukuqengqeleka okulawulwayo, ukulungelelanisa, ukulungelelanisa + ukufudumeza, ukufudumeza + ukucima (ukufudumeza), njl. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuhanjiswa ziya kubangela ukuba iipleyiti zesikhongozeli zibonise imibutho kunye neepropati ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko yokuqengqeleka okushushu, ixabiso lepleyiti yentsimbi liphantsi, kodwa ukusebenza ngokulinganayo kuphantsi kakhulu; ukuqengqeleka okulawulwayo kunokucoca iinkozo kwaye kuphucule amandla kunye nokuqina kwepleyiti yentsimbi ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo iiparameter zenkqubo yokuqengqeleka; ukulungelelanisa kunokwenza ulwakhiwo lwepleyiti yentsimbi lufane kwaye kuphucule iipropati zoomatshini; ukulungelelanisa + ukufudumeza kunokususa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kuphucule ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kobukhulu; ukucima kunye nokufudumeza kunokwenza ipleyiti yentsimbi ifumane indibaniselwano engcono kakhulu yamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okuhle.
Ukukhethwa kwemeko efanelekileyo yokuhanjiswa kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezifana neemeko zokusetyenziswa, iteknoloji yokucubungula kunye neendleko zesikhongozeli. Umzekelo, kwimikhumbi yoxinzelelo ejongene noxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nefuthe, imeko yokuhanjiswa yokucima kunye nonyango lokufudumala idla ngokusetyenziswa; ngelixa kwezinye izikhongozeli ezibuthathaka ngakumbi kwixabiso kwaye zineemfuno zokusebenza eziphantsi, iipleyiti zezikhongozeli ezitshisiweyo okanye ezisemgangathweni zinokufaneleka ngakumbi.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-22-2025